THE MAIN PARTS Essay Example For Students

THE MAIN PARTS Essay A woman may include (Miss), (Mrs.. ) or (Ms. ) to the right of the typewritten signature. Special Parts Of a Business Letter In addition to the six regular parts off business letter, sometimes special or optional parts are necessary or wanted by the writer: 1. The Reference This consists of the word Ref (short for Reference) followed by a colon t) and specific information, often a serial or reference number. It is usually placed between the date and the inside address. Novo 10, 200- Ref Ml/SUCKS/90 Sorer Construction Co. 4335 Broadway Indianapolis, IN 46305 ASSAI 2. The Attention Line When a letter is addressed to a company or organization rather than an individual, an attention line may be given to help in mail delivery. N.B. An attention line is never given when the inside address contains a persons name. Attention lines are typically directed to: Sales Division, Personnel Manager, etc. R it may contain the individuals name. The attention line contains the word Attention (or Taint followed by a colon C) and the name of the office, department or individual. It is placed between the inside address and the salutation. We will write a custom essay on THE MAIN PARTS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ref: Ml/SSL_/10/90 USA Attention : Mr. Charles Graham Dear Sirs: 3. The Subject Line The subject line is used to immediately draw the readers attention to the subject of the letter. It consists of the word Subject followed by a colon and a word or words Of specific information. The position Of the subject line is not standardized. It may appear to the right of the inside address, or centered on the page below the inside address or below the salutation. It is commonly placed below the salutation, as shown below. Attention: Mr. Charles Graham Subject: Rough Terrain Crane RISKS-al 4. The Title or Section Name This is placed one space below the typewritten signature to identify the writers position and/or the section s/he works in. Sincerely yours, Peter Monet Sales Representative 5. The Identification Line When the person whose signature appears on the letter is not the person who typed the letter, there is an identification line. It consists tot two sets tot initials operated by a colon, Usually, the senders initials are capitalized and the typists are in lower case. The identification line is two spaces below the signature and even with the left margin. PM:dab 6. Enclosure When something is enclosed with the letter, an enclosure line is usually typed one space below the identification line and even With the left margin. If there is no identification line. The enclosure line is two spaces below the signature. It is usually written Once followed by a colon and information. PM :dab Once: Brochures 7 _ Copies to (c:) When a copy of a letter is sent to another person, the letters c followed by a loon and the name of the person to whom the copy is being sent is typed one space below the enclosure line (or the identification line if there are no enclosures). If there is no identification line, it appears tuft spaces below the signature. The letters c traditionally stand for carbon copy. E. G. .NET: Brochures c: Mr.. Kevin Walker Tarmac State University.

Analyzing Translation on the Dialogues in the Movie Ada Apa Dengan Cinta Essay Example

Analyzing Translation on the Dialogues in the Movie Ada Apa Dengan Cinta Essay Example Analyzing Translation on the Dialogues in the Movie Ada Apa Dengan Cinta Paper Analyzing Translation on the Dialogues in the Movie Ada Apa Dengan Cinta Paper Essay Topic: Girl in Translation I. INTRODUCTION Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or a statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language (Newmark. 1981: 7). With reference to this idea, Nida and Taber states that translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style (1969: 12). According to those explanations of translation, this paper commits to follow their theory that the main purpose of translation is transferring the message from the Source Language (SL) text to the Target Language (TL) text. It is supported by Larson’s statement that the goal of a good translator is to translate idiomatically which means that a translator must make every effort to communicate the meaning of the SL text in the natural forms of the TL. (Larson, 1984: 18) Translation covers both written language and spoken language. Translating spoken language is more difficult than translating written language. That’s why, sometimes, a translator accidently makes mistakes in translating a spoken language, for example in the dialogues of a movie. It is caused by slang language which exists in spoken language, stronger cultural influences, and sometimes spoken language doesn’t follow grammatical rules. This is why a kind of translators’ job to translate dialogues in a movie is not easy, especially when they have to put the subtitles in time and cannot give a footnote to explain some difficult words. As this paper is concerning about translation of a movie, it focuses on analyzing the translation of the dialogues in the movie entitled â€Å"Ada Apa dengan Cinta? † This movie is about two teenagers who have different background and character in their high school. Cinta is a popular girl with her lot. On the other hand, Rangga is just a loner who loves literary work. Despite of their contradictory characters and barriers which come along, love grows between them. As additional information, this movie is produced by Miles Production and directed by Rudi Soedjarwo in 2002. ( 21cineplex. com/ada-apa-dengan-cinta,movie,588. htm) This paper is going to pick some dialogues in the movie as the examples. This paper is also going to analyze the movie based on cultural context and idiomatic translation. Its point of view of appropriate or inappropriate translation is based on whether the messages are transferred from SL text to TL text or ot. II. ANALYSIS a. Cultural Context In translating dialogues in a movie, from Bahasa Indonesia to English, a translator doesn’t only have to master both language, but also both cultures because as Edward Sapir states that no language can exist unless it is steeped in the context of culture; and no culture can exist which does not have at its center, the structure of natural language (Sapir, 1956: 69). It proves that language and culture have a strong relationship. This is why the understanding of both cultures is really required for a translator to create an appropriate translation, especially when the object of translation is a movie where spoken language has stronger cultural influence. This is also happened to the movie â€Å"Ada Apa dengan Cinta† because the source language, Bahasa Indonesia, has different root of culture with the target language, English. From the movie â€Å"Ada Apa dengan Cinta†, a conversation is chose as an example of translating spoken language based on cultural context. Cinta:Kamu tuh lebih kalo lagi kebingungan lebih nyenengin ya? Kamu bingung aja terus. (You’re nicer person when you are confused. Just stay confused at all time) Rangga: Kamu? Kamu biasanya kan ngomongnya loe-gue (You said â€Å"you†. Usually you use the colloquial â€Å"you†) That’s an appropriate example of translating spoken language. The reason is although that dialogue shows that there is untranslatability in words â€Å"loe† and â€Å"gue†, as both words are slang words for â€Å"kamu† and â€Å"aku†, the translator find a way to translate it appropriately without ruin the message of the SL to TL. Instead of translating it literally, because there are no slang words for â€Å"you† and â€Å"I† in English, the translator give a trick to translate it by giving ‘a little explanation’ in the translation. The translator translates â€Å"gue† into â€Å"colloquial ‘you’†. It is appropriate, because â€Å"colloquial† means words or languages which are used in conversation but not in formal speech or writing (Hornby, 2006: 281). b. Idiomatic Translation Sometimes, in a certain condition, it’s better for a translator to translate a SL text to TL text idiomatically rather than literally. To translate an idiomatic expression appropriately, a translator needs to understand the cultures of both languages and also needs to develop sensitivity to the use of idioms in the Target Language and use them naturally to make the translation lively and keep the style of the Source Language. ( translationdirectory. com/articles/article1739. php) The sentence below is an example of idiomatic translation which is done appropriately by the translator. It is taken from Cinta’s poem which she sings with a guitar in front of her friends. This is an example of an appropriate idiomatic translation. This is one statement of Cinta when she curses for Rangga in front of her friends after Rangga refused to be interviewed. * Cinta: Udah kayak sastrawan besar gitu lho! (He behaves as though he’s a literary giant! ) The translator’s decision to translate â€Å"sastrawan besar† into â€Å"a literary giant† is appropriate, because the message or the real meaning of â€Å"sastrawan besar† is transferred correctly into English. In this context, â€Å"sastrawan besar† doesn’t mean a big man of literature or something. Giant† in this context is not large person or strong person, but â€Å"a person who is very good at something† (Hornby, 2006: 626). Another example of idiomatic translation in the movie â€Å"Ada Apa dengan Cinta† is in the scene when Rangga’s father hands Cinta a glass of tea when she comes to visit. * Rangga’s father: Silahkan. (Hand ing Cinta a glass of tea) (Be my guest) The translator doesn’t translate â€Å"Silahkan† into â€Å"please† because it’s too literal. â€Å"Be my guest† is the English way of saying that a person is welcome and that hospitality is extended to them. That hospitality usually involves making ones resources available, so it is used in the sense of help yourself, make free with the assets. ( phrases. org. uk/bulletin_board/27/messages/1037. html) From the explanation above, it’s clear that â€Å"be my guest† is an appropriate translation for â€Å"Silahkan† because although the form of the TL text is changed, the message is delivered successfully. III. CONCLUSION From the analysis of â€Å"Ada Apa dengan Cinta†, it proves that mastering both languages is not the only requirement for a translator to produce an appropriate translation. Understanding both cultures is also needed because each culture influences each language. Idiomatic translation is also needed in purpose to deliver the message of the SL text to the TL text if the literal translation is not possible to use. Even, Larson’s statement supports it, according to him, the purpose of a good translator is to translate idiomatically (Larson, 1984: 18). REFERENCES 21Cineplex. 2002. Ada Apa dengan Cinta. 21cineplex. com/ada-apa-dengan-cinta,movie,588. htm 4th June 2011. Eftekhari, Negar. 2008. A Brief Overview on Idiomatic Translation. translationdirectory. com/articles/article1739. php. 2nd June 2011. Hornby, A. S. 2006. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 7th Edition. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Larson, Mildred L. 1984. Meaning-based translation: a guide to cross-language equivalence. Lanham, MD: University Press of America and Summer Institute of Linguistics. Nida, Eugene and Charle Taber. 1969. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: Brill. Newmark, Peter. 1981. Approaches to Translation. Pergamon: London. Phrase Finder. 2004. The Meaning of Phrase. phrases. org. uk/bulletin_board/27/messages/1037. html 5th June 2011 Sapir, Edward. (1956). Culture, language and personality. Berkeley ; Los Angeles: University of California Press. Wojowasito, S and Tito Wasito. 2007. Kamus Lengkap Inggris-Indonesia Indonesia-Inggris. Hasta: Bandung. Analyzing the Translation in the Dialogues of the Movie â€Å"Ada Apa dengan Cinta† Isti Maisaroh 09/282230/SA/14745 English Department Faculty of Cultural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada 2011

The Basque Region Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Basque Region Issue - Essay Example Many regions that have been facing problems of disparity and other internal conflicts; and have been constantly demanding secession and independence. This victory of Kosovo have spurred them no to become more forceful and focussed no obtaining their demands. One such region is the Basque region, which lies between France and Spain. The region has been the victim of constant internal strife, owing to the invasions and the constant struggle for recognising their independence and freedom from external interferences. The Basque region comprises the Basque population, who are very historically and culturally bound. In fact, they had been a part of the Roman civilisation and are, therefore, tribes with rich heritage value. However, as the years passed by, the region came under conflicting situations with Spain. "The Basques had been some of the fiercest opponents of Franco's Nationalist troops during the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s. During Franco's 40-year rule, he punished the region for its opposition. He declared two provinces "traitor provinces." Franco believed in one, unified Spain and opposed any kind of regional diversification. Franco,  like  many before him, had found  it difficult to suppress this proud nation  and the  movement for an independent  Basque  homeland  began in  the late 1950s.  The separatist group, ETA, began its violent campaign 10  years later.  While support for an independent  homeland  remain  strong, it is by no means overwhelming. Many Basques  are happy with the large degree  of  autonomy  they have  been  granted by the  central  government in Madrid.

Business simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business simulation - Essay Example Flipping a coin and rolling a dice give possible outcomes of a finite set. A discrete distribution is thus described by the finite possible outcomes sets, which describe a discrete distribution. Test results defining fail or pass and natures of parts demarcated by types or numbers are also examples of discrete distributions. When the possible numbers of outcomes are indeterminable, a continuous distribution occurs. For instance the time taken during a journey is a depiction of a continuous distribution because different marginal times are taken for different parts of the journey same as the time consumed in undertaking a manual activity. In these cases however much time may be similar, when further condensed into decimal place measurements, differences are inevitably notable. Distributions usually have finite lower and upper limits implying that they can be bounded. It is possible creating one’s own distributions with SIMUL8 using provided definite classical statistical distributions. This is a continuous distribution that is bounded on the lower limit and is used in the representation of the timings between the occurrences of breakdowns and timings between unsystematic occurrences, such as arrival times into the system, where there is random distribution and independence of the arrival sequences. The lower bounding of this discrete distribution is 0 and it is used where the instance of the reoccurrence of an event is known in the case where a single trial is repeated over and over, for example in deciphering the number of items requisitioned in an inventory or items on a batch. Is a Geometric distribution bounded on the lower limit at 0 and is useful in independent trial cases to return the total failures numbers before realization of success, and is usable in controlling ticketing problems, marketing survey returns and in meteorological models. This is a continuous distribution that has bounding on the lower limit and is used in generation

World Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Cinema - Essay Example The Iranian cinema is an example of how the social and cultural perspectives and challenges are represented in the cinema. Questions of politics and religion in Iranian cinema can’t be separate from any of the films that are produced in the region. These are intertwined with the representation of culture, society’s identity and the belief systems that are continuously challenged within the region. Each era has specific approaches to religion and politics with the cinema, all which are a reflection of society at the time. Silent Era The first era of cinema that noted the religious and political views in Iranian cinema was with the silent era. The silent era was attributed to the years of 1900 - 1930 with a combination of documentaries and fictional settings that were used. The footage that was used for these specific films consisted of footage news, events and spectacles that were related specifically to royalty. These different clips were combined together to show histo rical accounts of what were occurring during a specific time and how this linked to the identity that was a part of the Iranian culture. The concept was combined with the ability to shoot rituals, religious events and to show the diversity of culture in the area, such as with investigations of Christianity and by looking at ethic and religious minorities. This approach was able to provide insight into the time frame while allowing a new type of history and sense of identity to take place through the political and religious concepts (Smith, 2006). Sound Era The foundation of film in the silent era led to new technical innovations that were approached in the sound era. However, this point also focused on the same ideals of religion and politics, specifically because it was a representation of the identity of those that were spectators to the film. The silent era had established this with the different approaches which were taken to showing the non – fiction elements of the film . From the 1930s and until the 1970s, there was a focus on providing insight into the different topics which were associated with the film. The main ideology was to present the socially engaged film, specifically which was highlighted in the 1960s. This was based on showing the realities of the Iranian culture, such as through minority groups and those which were suffering because of the current political regime and religious laws. The ideas were combined with the religious morality that was based on the Islamic practices, specifically with the belief that bringing the information to the public would also lead to a day of judgment for those who had turned away from the social issues which were at hand (Ridgeon, 2003). The concept of the â€Å"day of judgment† and the approach to religion and politics from this perspective led to the growing ideology of the third world of cinema as well as the Muslim ideologies that were engrained in the culture. The themes which were used in each of the films helped to bring light to the current issues which had been raised as well as created a sense of justice that was a part of the religion and politics. However, this was combined with the deeply embedded belief systems in the culture. The concept of religion, belief in the Quran and the continuous teachings were known and praised throughout society. The Iranian culture was expected to live under these religious beliefs, which is what created the differences and changes that were a part of society. The concept of building a Muslim ideology from the movies, while showing the concept of justice, then became intertwined with the films that were a part of the sound era (Ahmad, 2010). Modern Era The new wave, or modern era of cinema, began in the 1960s and led into 1978 with new challenges that were

Malaysias Unemployment Rates

Malaysias Unemployment Rates Jump to: Causes of Unemployment | Types of Unemployment | Unemployment in Malaysia | Impact of Unemployment | Unemployment and Inflation | Conclusion The main objective of this paper is to investigate the unemployment and growth rates of Malaysia. Unemployment is an important issue for developing economies in a country. Inefficiently of using labor resources will cause to high unemployment rate. The result shows that the economics in Malaysia is better with high employment. In economics, unemployment statistics measure the condition and extent of joblessness within an economy.  Full employment should be a major macroeconomics goal because it maximizes output. For many years, the manufacturing has been the strongest sector in the country until it is now being progressively replaced by the service sector. In this research, we will measure how unemployment affects economics growths in Malaysia and also the reason of high unemployment rate of fresh graduate. Thus further research and relevant factors is required.   Introduction This paper asks the question of how the rate of economic growth affects unemployment. The main considerations that lead us to think that this is an interesting question have to do with the re-allocative aspect of growth. Faster economic growth must come from a faster increase in knowledge. Besides, unemployed graduates have become a serious case in Malaysia that need more concern by the government. In year 2006 involving 132,900 graduates from institutions of higher learning all over Malaysia indicated that 30.7% of graduates remained unemployed six months after graduation, while 5.7% were still awaiting job placement (Tan, 2007). There are more female graduates in this country were unemployed because they lacked the relevant skills required in the labor market despite having excellent academic results. The number was much higher in comparison to male graduates (Nor Hartinin, 2007). In the sixties and seventies Okuns Law was regarded as one of the most reliable macroeconomic relations. Okuns Law can clearly present the relationship between GDP growth and unemployment. Most economists were playing down the relationship between growth and unemployment. Unemployment was explained by structural factors, mainly by inflexible labor markets: too high wages, too high unemployment benefits and labors attitude. Unemployment Unemployment or joblessness occurs when those individuals actively seeking jobs remain unhired within the past four weeks. Unemployment is expressed as a percentage of the total available work force. The level of unemployment varies with economic conditions and other circumstances. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals currently in the labor force. During periods if recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate. In a 2011 news story, Business Week reported, More than 200 million people globally are out of work, a record high, as almost two-thirds of advanced economies and half of developing countries are experiencing a slowdown in employment growth. Causes of unemployment The level of unemployment differs with economic conditions and other market forces. Unemployment occurs when an individual is out of his current job and looking for another job. It also means that they are unemployment during the time period of shifting between two jobs. Normally the job seeker needs few months to hunt for their favourite job. When there is a mismatch of skilled workers in the labor market, the structural change within an economy will influence the unemployment. Some of the causes of unemployment are geographical immobility, occupational immobility and technological change. Nowadays, most of the companies are using information technology to carry out the job. The employees who have no upgrade himself will disqualify from the company. Moreover they need to go for training to increase their knowledge on the working field. Unemployment will occur when trade unions and labor organization bargain for higher wages, which leads to fall in the demand for labor. Currently the fresh graduates are hunting for the job which has high salary, nice environment and easy task. They do not have determination and bear hardships to face the challenges. Unemployment occurs when there is a downturn in an economy, the aggregate demand for goods and services decrease and demand for labor decreases. At the time of recession, unskilled and surplus labors become unemployed. When there is insufficient demand in the economy to maintain full employment, the problem of unemployment will occurs. If demand falls, firms sell less and so reduce production. If there are producing less, this leads to lower demand for workers. Either worker is fired or a firm cuts back on employing new workers. In the worst-case scenarios the fall in demand may be so great a firm goes bankrupt and everyone is made redundant. Reasons for  unemployment in Malaysia Lack of experience Nowadays most of the companies prefer to employ people with experiences rather than those without working experiences. Based on our research, there are several reasons leading to the high unemployment rate. People lacking of experience are mostly fresh graduates from university or college. The syllabus in university should provide more exposure on real-life industrial training, such as industrial attachment and internship program. Different circumferences have to be managed in different solutions, and the problem-solving skills can be accumulated from the real-life experiences. For example, a programmer has to be familiar with a series of computer languages such as C++, PHP, Java and etc. If the applicant did not meet the basic requirements of the company, the company cannot offer the job to this applicant. In University, the knowledge is mostly gained from textbooks, but sometimes the knowledge learnt is hard to be applied on working environments. University may extend the required internship period from 3 months to 6 months or even longer. If the training duration is not long or sufficient enough, students may not be able to apply what they have learnt in school on their works. University students are suggested to apply for companies related to their courses. This may help them improve the learning and practical skills. It is not recommended to join those companies which simply arrange the trainees sitting in front of the computers and do nothing but day dreaming. Firstly, the reason why employers prefer experienced employees is because experienced employees can complete the jobs easily without spending much time on learning their works. Having employees without experiences, companies need to provide additional training and courses for those employees. This will definitely contribute to the cost of the company. Besides, the employee may be not familiar with the industry, thus, it is possible that they cannot complete the job well on time. It is not ensured that they are able to complete their jobs precisely and correctly with their assigned supervisors. They may spend some time on adapting to the new environment and less focus on the jobs. Thirdly, the skills learnt from school are insufficient in real lives. In real life, company job is based on project and it requires the employee to communicate with colleagues. Universities also have to provide more project-based modules for students. This can create more chances for students to discuss with their group members. In addition, it helps improve the soft skill of students. Last but not least, the fact that new graduates demand for high salaries also causes the high unemployment rate. Some of the graduate job-seekers are with high expectation for their first jobs. Even they are aware they lack of working experience, they still try to apply for higher salaries compared with those with one or two years experiences. Furthermore, students who graduated with excellent academic results are no longer secured with good jobs or competitive edges in career advancement. Lack of social and communication skills Most of the graduates with rural background lack of communication skills compared with those from city. The reason may be because most of the residents staying in villages communicate with their elder adults and friends using their own dialects or mother tongues. They seldom speak in English. However, the working environment in Malaysia mostly requires people to communicate efficiently in English and Malay. Therefore, Kampung students may not be competitive in terms of communication skills even though they graduate with excellent academic results. Besides, a number of town students who further study in university seldom use English to communicate with their teachers or friends. For example, the author mostly speak mother language, Mandarin, with her friends. This situation also makes the communication skill in English poor among town students. According to a survey conducted by Ministry of Human Resources, it shows that in Malaysia compared with male graduates, female graduates become unemployed because the female are weaker in communication and social skills. Furthermore, the female have a poor command of language and low levels of self-confidence. The unemployment rate of female graduates is much higher than that of male graduates. The result also indicates that a lot of female graduates are able to achieve excellent academic results but they could not secure their employment without the relevant skills required in the labor market. According to  JobStreet.com which conducted an English Language Assessment (ELA) test whereby it had ranked Singaporeans is first, Filipino is second and Malaysians is third. This has proven that Malaysian English level standard is not up to satisfaction. The survey reveals that 65% of employers have turned down job seekers due to poor communication of English, which is the official business language for 91% in Malaysias companies. Another report shows that, graduates throughout the country were unemployed due to poor communication skill in English. Though the fresh graduates possess excellent qualification and technical backgrounds, but they are unable to speak English efficiently when facing an interview. They definitely should improve their English language standards. For the basic process of an interview, the first point that the interviewer would assess the interviewee is his/her English communication capability. The way in which the interviewee speaks and interacts with the interviewer is a benchmark when the company measures suitable candidates for the job. If the interviewee even could not talk properly, it is impossible for the supervisor to assign a task to this interviewee. Most of the fresh graduates are not good team players. They are somehow arrogant and believe that they are talented and able to complete the tasks. If the fresh graduates did take part in co-curriculum and be the main committee, this will help prove that they are well trained and capable of managing the task. Co-curriculum also can build characters of people. It provides a platform for students to show their personalities. In addition, the social skill, which is also essential for each graduate, is practiced with various co-curriculums as well. Education in Malaysia Choosing the wrong course and the poor result. Bahasa Malaysia is the national and official language in Malaysia. Bahasa Malaysia is used as the teaching language for primary school and secondary school. In recent years, Ministry of Education Malaysia has begun focusing on English teaching. However, so far Malaysian education still mainly uses Bahasa Malaysia as teaching media, while in working environment people mostly communicate in English. The fresh graduates who are unable to communicate in English fluently will be very tough when finding a job. Generally, the citizens in government organizations use Bahasa Malaysia as communication language. The citizens have got used to communicating in Bahasa Malaysia. However, there are a lot of Multinational Corporations which set their head offices or Asia pacific offices in Malaysia. They require their Malaysian employees capable of communicating in English efficiently. Could Malaysia provide sufficient manpower armed with English communication skills? This is a big challenge for Malaysia educations system. Besides, high-level education of Malaysia is not competitive compared to overseas education. In Malaysia, the top university is University of Malaysia (UM), but its ranking is the 167th so far, among the worldwide university according to investigation of USNews.com. Compared with our neighbour country Singapore, the National University of Singapore (NUS) ranks at the 28th and Nanyang Techonological University (NTU) is the 58th. This is a great distance between the education systems of the two countries. Therefore, Malaysia government has to put a lot of effort into the education sector to upgrade the ranking and provide talents to international labour markets. The syllabus in local university is not sufficient or up to the satisfaction of working environment. Most of the students gain their knowledge purely from textbooks. They lack of practical skills. Facilities in university have not reached the global standard and still maintained in Kampung standard. Professors and researchers are not graduates from world-class Universities. Equipments in the laboratories are 10-20 years backward. These are all the reasons why more and more students are willing to study in overseas universities although the cost of education is expensive. Moreover, the qualification lines of entering the universities are very low, as the corresponding university standard is low as well. University should set the higher entry qualification to increase the standard of coming students. Besides, the university should increase their level as well by employing professional stuffs to strengthen education levels. A lot of private colleges which are unqualified set by the Ministry of Education intend to promote as a university. The official explanation is this can improve the quantity of undergraduates. However, it seems the government did not include the quality of undergraduates into their consideration. It is suggested that Ministry of education should review the education system in Malaysia by referring to foreign education systems to improve Malaysia education system. With a huge number of students graduating with CGPAs below 3.0, it is unsurprising that these people become unemployable in the Malaysian private sectors. It is recommended that students should take courses based on their capabilities and interests but not based on what is apparently in-demand in the society (e.g., IT courses). If students are not interested in the courses, less effort would be put in the study; hence, the result would not be scored in flying colour. Normally the company hire employees based on their paper results and abilities instead of their capabilities in other fields. Student with lower scores would probably get lower opportunities of interviews. Types of unemployment After the research, we found that there are four type of unemployment. And below is the summary of structural unemployment, frictional unemployment, and cyclical unemployment. Structural unemployment When there are less suitable job provide for the people will cause to structural unemployment because there is a mismatch between the skills needed for the jobs and the skills of the unemployed workers. For example, A employee fired by his car maker company because machine had replace human in making car and the employee does not know how to operate the machine, so the employee only have the skills of make car and he have the difficulty in searching a new job. Structural unemployment may also be affected by cyclical unemployment. If a nations economy is suffers from a recession, that means many of the unemployed workers become discouraged, while their skills become rusty and outdated. This means that they (unemployed workers) may not suitable for the job vacancies that are reserved for them when the economy turns to normal. Some economists see this scenario The implication is that sustained high demand may lower structural unemployment under the speech from British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during the 1970s and 1980s. This theory has been referred to as an example of path dependence. A lot of technological unemployment occurs, because of the replacement of workers had change into machines to produce more effectively, we called as structural unemployment. Thus technological unemployment refer to the way in which production increases by machine but lesser workers to produce the actual same level of output or more output every year. The fact that aggregate demand increase suggests that this problem is instead one of cyclical unemployment. As like we said before Okuns Law, the demand side must grow rapidly to absorb the growing labor force but also the workers made redundant by increased labor productivity. Frictional unemployment Frictional unemployment is the time period between jobs and unemployed workers when a worker is seeking for a better job and or a new environment. Frictional unemployment is always present in an economy no matter which country are u, so the level of unemployment is calculated by the unemployment rate minus the rate of frictional unemployment. This means that any changes in unemployment rate are normally represented in the simple statistics. Frictional unemployment exists because both jobs and workers are multifarious, and a mismatch between the demand and supply. Such a mismatch can be related to skills, payment, work-time, location, attitude, and other factors. New entrants of employee such as graduated students and homemakers that want to return to the career can also include in frictional unemployment. Workers as well as employees accept a certain level of compromise or risk. Time and effort will be invested to find a better match but there is always a risk. This will increase the economy growth since it results in a better allocation of resources. However, if the mismatches are taking too long finding a job or too frequent, the economy will suffers a decreasing, since some work will not get done. Therefore, governments should search for multiple ways to reduce unnecessary frictional unemployment happen too deep through planning nicely which means including providing education, advice, training, and assistance such as having some camp providing the more information about how to seeking job. An increase or decrease in labor market frictions will shift the curve outwards or inwards. The frictions in the labor market sometimes will illustrate graphically with a Beverage curve, a downward-sloping, convex curve that shows a relationship between the unemployment rate and the vacancy rate. Changes in the demand or the supply for labor cause movements along the curve. Cyclical unemployment Cyclical unemployment, also known as deficient-demand unemployment, occurs whenever there is not enough aggregate demand in the economy to provide jobs for everyone who needs a job (People who seeking for job). Demand for most goods and services decreases will lead to less production and for sure fewer workers are needed when they are less product in the market, wages fall and fail to meet the equilibrium level. Its name is derived from the frequent shifts in the business cycle although unemployment can also be persistent (during the Great Depression of the 1930s). Besides, with cyclical unemployment occurs, the number of unemployed workers will increase and exceeds the number of job seekers, so that even with full employment and all open jobs were filled, they are still some workers will remain unemployed. These two friction cyclical unemployment and frictional unemployment happen because of the cyclical variables. For example, a surprising decline in the money supply may influence the entire rational economic factors and will cause to restrain aggregate demand. Summary Structural unemployment Where their skills becomes outdated.  (Example: Someone who do not use computer get fired because he do not know how to type in information into computer.) Frictional unemployment where people lose their jobs in order to look for better ones or still searching for job. Cyclical unemployment Unemployment occurs when there is a recession of economy in a nation. The thing about unemployment is that the economy has to do with gross domestic product (GDP). We can produce more stuff with full employment. So if there is high unemployment, we should produce more but if we dont, this will lead to a bad economy growth in a nation. Malaysia Unemployment Rate Normally unemployment rate in developed countries is higher than developing countries due to higher competition. For example, in the last three quarters of 2011, United Kingdoms unemployment rate has rose from 7.8% to 7.9% and followed by 8.3% respectively. At the same time, Malaysias unemployment rate has went up from 3% to 3.2% and followed by 3.3%, and was ranked at 170th place out of 198 countries based on their degree of severity (The Human Resource Ministry of Malaysia and CIA World Factbook, 2012). Observation reveals that youth unemployment rate is even greater than the overall unemployment rate for both of the countries suggesting that youngsters are facing more difficulties in finding jobs as compared to adults. In Malaysia, one of the badly affected sector is the nursing field whereby in 2010, more than 54% of the private nursing graduates were unemployed three to four months after graduating, compared to only 21.7% in 2008 (The Star, 2012). It is a worry situation as fresh graduates find themselves difficult to get employed despite having a solid academic qualification. Malaysia Unemployment Rate (From July 2010 until January 2012) The unemployment rate in Malaysia was last reported at 3 percent in April of 2012. Historically, from 1998 until 2012, Malaysia Unemployment Rate averaged 3.3600 Percent reaching an all time high of 4.5000 Percent in March of 1999 and a record low of 2.8000 Percent in March of 2012. The unemployment rate can be defined as the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labor force. This page includes a chart with historical data for Malaysia Unemployment Rate. Needs of the Labour Market Quality of education Firstly, the quality of education has become a significant cause in current situation and it getting worst. Seems like every year our country produces more and more excellent students. This is proved where our students get better and better result (straight A) in SPM or PMR. With the increasing number of straight A students in SPM and PMR, it seems like our student is improving a lot. Besides that, it is also easier to find degree holders anywhere. Surely, this is a good sign of the graduates quality. This statement may not bode well with some of the institutions out there but this should be taken as a challenge, not a mockery. (Abdul Razak Ahmad, New Straits times Sunday, March 20 2005) Most of the students will concern only on the major subject instead of minor subject. Besides, government also offer less minor subject to the students. Now the majority of student studying only for certificate, so they do select the easier subject compare to others. Most schools also began to commercialization to benefit, they will reduce the level of subject, resulting in a lot more apparent (look impressive but is worthless) of the University. Economy Secondly, fresh graduate unemployed because of the recession of economy in our nation too. The changing of the economic structure is a probably cause for the increasing number in unemployment. For many years, the manufacturing has been the strongest sector controlling the unemployment rate in the country until it is now being replaced by the services sector step by step. The services sector requires people who do not only know the right technical knowledge, but also those people who know the right soft skills wisdom, communication, interpersonal, maturity and business oriented. Economics growth Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one  period of time to another. Economic growth can be measured in nominal terms, which include inflation, or in real terms, which are adjusted for inflation. As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic aspects of the development process in low-income countries. As economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure. Advantages of Economic Growth Sustained economic growth is a major objective of government policy not least because of the benefits that flow from a growing economy. Higher Living Standards: For example measured by an increase in real national income per head of population see the evidence shown in the chart below. Employment effects: Growth stimulates higher employment. The British economy has been growing since autumn 1992 and we have seen a large fall in unemployment and a rise in the number of people employed. Fiscal Dividend: Growth has a positive effect on government finances boosting tax revenues and providing the government with extra money to finance spending projects. The Investment Accelerator Effect: Rising demand and output encourages investment in new capital machinery this helps to sustain the growth in the economy by increasing long run aggregate supply. Growth and Business Confidence: Economic growth normally has a positive impact on company profits business confidence good news for the stock market and also for the growth of small and large businesses alike. Disadvantages of economic growth There are some economic costs of a fast-growing economy. The two main concerns are firstly that growth can lead to a pickup in inflation and secondly, that growth can have damaging effects on our environment, with potentially long-lasting consequences for future generations. Inflation risk: If the economy grows too quickly there is the danger of inflation as demand races ahead of aggregate supply. Producer then take advantage of this by raising prices for consumers. Environmental concerns: Growth cannot be separated from its environmental impact. Fast growth of production and consumption can create negative externalities (for example, increased noise and lower air quality arising from air pollution and road congestion, increased consumption of de-merit goods, the rapid growth of household and industrial waste and the pollution that comes from increased output in the energy sector) These externalities reduce social welfare and can lead to market failure. Growth that leads to environmental damage can have a negative effect on peoples quality of life and may also impede a countrys sustainable rate of growth.   Examples include the destruction of rain forests, the over-exploitation of fish stocks and loss of natural habitat created through the construction of new roads, hotels, retail malls and industrial estates. How does unemployment affect your economy? If more people are unemployed, less people pay taxes or less money for spending. Spending money boosts the economy through taxes which is why everything is taxed. The taxed money adds up when everyone shops. If one is unemployed, they live on what is saved or what unemployment departments give them. Therefore, they do not have more money to spent, they only buy necessities. Also by not having the money to buy wants, not only needs, it means some business will have to cut prices in order to try to sell. By cutting prices this leads to less, no, or sometimes negative profits. Enough of this happens and that business might go out of business which leads to MORE unemployment. All of this leads to deflation which could lead to a depression. Deflation does not encourage spending, in fact it does the opposite. Also your dept numerically stay the same but now you earn less so it will be even harder to pay them off. The consequences of unemployment to the Malaysian economy Unemployment can lead to stress emotionally and mentally. When stress occurs, the individual and the loved ones around them suffer. There would be unnecessary pressure and expectations and a case of low morale. Thus leading to misunderstandings.   When misunderstandings occur, one may resort to violence and in turn affect the relationship or lead to an increase in crimes. Unemployment affects the economy by having a reduction in AD (aggregate demand), and economic growth. There would also be a lack of demand as people unemployed are saving. Unemployment influence and effect economic growth Unemployment affects the economy in ways that most people do not visually see. If more people are unemployed, less people pay taxes or have money for spending. Spending money boosts the economy through taxes which is why everything is taxed. The taxed money adds up when everyone shops. If one is unemployed, they live on what is saved or what unemployment departments give them. Therefore, they do not have money to be frivolous, they only buy necessities.  Spending less doenst benefit the economic growth. With the increase in unemployment people will be more inclined to turn to a life of crime thereby decreasing the economic growth. Some of the well-known effects of unemployment on the economy are: Unemployment financial costs The government and the nation suffer. In many countries the government has to pay the unemployed some benefits. The greater the number of the unemployed or the longer they are without work the more money the government has to shell out. Therefore, the nation not only has to deal with the lost income and decreased production but also with additional cost. Spending power: The spending power of an unemployed person and his/her family decreases drastically and they would rather save than spend their money, which in turn affects the economy adversely. Reduced spending power of the employed Increased taxes and the insecurity about their own work may affect the spending power of the working people as well and they too may start to spend less than before thus affecting the economy and also the society in a negative manner.

Free YGB Essay - Innocence vs Reality in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

The story Young Goodman Brown presents two themes; loss of innocence and coping with reality. Loss of Innocence is a major theme of the story and is easily seen. A loss of innocence is when those that do not know something horrible or do not believe in its existence come to an understanding of that horrible thing that forever changes them. The innocents in the story are Goodman Brown and his wife, Faith. Faith, we see is capable of attaining heaven(577), a good place where evil is unknown. Brown is also an innocent as shown by when the devil reveals to him a series of horribles as the two walk through the woods-namely that his grandfather, his mentor, and the preacher have all communed with the devil before (578-580). In the passage, the devil puts it upon himself to rectify this lack of understanding by informing those who had hoped for good, that their very nature is evil. The truth is what Goodman Brown had said before "There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil ! for to thee is this world given(581)."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Coping with reality becomes a major issue after the loss of innocence. Both of our innocents must devise a way of dealing with the new found horribles. The devil, in our passage, suggests : "Evil must be your only happiness." When Brown denies the devil's truth(584), he chooses the alternative. Brown lives out his life an uphappy and distrustful man (584). His wife, once a happy person, due to evidence of the contrary, did not change and lived a happy life. So we can see there were two paths to follow once innocence has been lost-accepantance of the horrible truth which leads to happiness or the constant denial of it and consequent gloom (585).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These two themes point out two very separate beliefs of the sociohistorical period during which Hawthorne wrote. Puritanism had held sway over American thought for many generations prior to Hawthorne. It presented the idea that all men are born sinful due to Original Sin. That understanding was the basis for the loss of innocence theme described earlier. At Hawthorne's time puritanical beliefs were transforming. The new theology emphasized a connection of man to nature. Any truths to be found in nature were right and true. This presented the second theme or question of coping with reality.

Classroom Rules Essay

One of the biggest challenges teachers face is in creating classroom rules. Too many, or too much detail, and students may feel overwhelmed. Too few, and a classroom can deteriorate into chaos. While the exact rules you need depend on the grade level and your students, here are the top 10 rules you probably should have in your classroom. 10. Treat your classmates with respect This is a broad rule, so consider having this as part of your classroom mission statement, as well as a rule. Involve the students in defining this classroom rule by asking them for examples of behaviors that support or violate this rule. 9. Come to class with the right materials Unprepared students waste precious classroom time looking for pencils, getting second copies of assignments or borrowing books, so this rule is important to having a successful classroom. If your students might not have access to needed school supplies, or if family situations make it difficult to arrive prepared, you may need to modify this classroom rule to include visits to an in-room supply cabinet at the start of the school day. 8. Use polite language Teaching children to avoid name calling, swear words and derogatory terms is a critical aspect of teaching today. Make sure your students know that hateful or crude language will not be tolerated in your classroom. 7. Respect school and personal property Students need to learn that other people’s property is not fair game. Making and enforcing rules against taking, using or damaging personal or school property will help students learn respect and boundaries – essential skills for life. 6. Allow others to talk without interrupting Listening skills are important for students of all ages. Including this in your classroom rules gives you the opportunity to point out both good example of respectful listening, and correct problems. 5. Use indoor voices Most of us heard this rule at home, but sometimes it can be forgotten in the excitement when other children are around. Usually a simple reminder is all a child needs to bring the volume down. 4. Do your own work A rule requiring students to do their own work includes prohibitions against cheating, having other people complete assignments or plagiarizing reports. Helping students understand why these behaviors hurt them might make this rule easier to enforce. 3. Ask for help when you need it For many students, asking for help is like admitting they’re stupid. Making it a classroom rule removes this stigma, opening the door for students to get the assistance they need. 2. Laugh with people, but never at anyone Bullying can take many forms, but laughing at another student is one of the most overlooked. This classroom rule is a great way to make students aware of how painful a small action can be. 1. Never hit, push, injure or threaten another student Of all the essential classroom rules, making your school safe from violence is the most important. And sadly, sometimes the hardest to convey and enforce. Be sure your students understand that this rule also applies on the bus, at bus stops and at school activities.

Comparison Between “London” by William Blake and “Composed Upon Westminster Bridge” by William Wordsworth Essay Example

Comparison Between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth Essay Example Comparison Between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth Paper Comparison Between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth Paper Comparison between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth The city of London has inspired many poets throughout the ages. Two of the most distinctive portrayals are William Blake’s â€Å"London† published in Songs of Experience in 1974 and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802† by William Wordsworth. While both Blake and Wordsworth comment on the conflict between appearance and reality, Blake shows the gloomy ugliness by taking down London’s streets. William Wordsworth’s ‘Composed Upon Westminster Bridge’ reveals the beauty of London from upriver. Their poems symbolize British royalty and politics. Setting, tone and theme help reader develop a greater appreciation both the pleasures and pains of life. Both poets’ writing is around the same time. However they have totally different views of the same city. â€Å"London† â€Å"London† has four quartrains, with very regular ABAB rhyming schemes. The repetition is also evident in the language. Words such as ‘charter’d’, ‘mark’ and ‘every’ are repeated in the poem and create a sense of urgency. Wordsworth’s poem is a sonnet, fourteen lines, written in regular metre of Iambic Pentameters, lines of ten syllables. Both titles are very clear about the content in the poems so therefore setting the scene. Both poems are set near London’s famous Thames River. â€Å"London† begins with an attack on the new Capitalism of the 1700s in the lines, ‘I wander through each charter’d† street, near where the charter’d Thames does flow’, Blake has repeated the word â€Å"charter’d† to sharpen the ironic point whereas Wordsworth is just viewing London from above. The narrator of â€Å"Westminster Bridge† feels forced to pause and examine the city from the vantage point of the bridge that crosses the Thames. The narrators’s soul is stirred by the majestic ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples that filled the heart of London. To the narrator, it is more perfect and more attractive than all of God’s creation. Similarly, Blake’s London described a wandering or near where the charter’d Thames does flow. However, the speaker doesn’t admire London’s architecture; he looks down and focuses on the people. London is filled with marks of weakness and woe to Blake’s narrator. Blake mentions the â€Å"blasts† of the infant, chimney sweeper, soldier and even the harlot. Wordsworth’s London is asleep and at rest, while Blake’s London is restless and awake even through midnight. While Wordsworth portrays the beauty of London, Blake describes a cruel, cold and bitter London. The purpose of Blake’s London is to reveal the compulsion of the lower class citizens of London, by the nobles during the late 18th century. Blake uses various poetic devices in order to enhance the portrayal of the poem’s purpose to the reader. These devices include metaphor, symbolism, and repetition. ‘The mind-forged manacles I hear’ (line 8) is the central image of the poem. Manacles are chains which prisoner would have to wear and they were also used to prevent slaves from escaping. The narrator is suggesting that people’s minds are restricted and confined-that the city has robbed them of the ability to think. The poem is full of negative words: ‘weakness’, ‘woe’, ‘cry’, ‘fear’, ‘appals’, ‘blood’, blights’, plagues’ and ‘hearse’. Although the poem ends with the phrase ‘marriage’, it isn’t symbolize love or new life but with the word ‘hearse’. In Blake’s opinion the future of the city brings nothing but decay and death. In the meantime, Wordsworth uses personification throughout the poem to create a sense of the city as a living creature, along with London â€Å"wears† the morning, and has a â€Å"might heart,† and houses are â€Å"asleep. † Negative language is used to create the impression that the city is greater to nature. â€Å"Never did the sun more beautifully,† â€Å"Ne’er saw I, never felt a calm so deep! Furthermore, words like ‘majesty’ and ‘mighty’ suggests the strength of power of the city, which the speaker here is in awe of the power he is experiencing. These two views of 19th century London, symbolize and its complexities. Those are times when the world is incomprehensible, lonely and unjust. S ome suggest that people cannot appreciate happiness without and understanding of sadness, cannot define light without experiencing darkness. Whilst â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† is positive, Blake is concerned with the negatives of life in London. Wordsworth here is focusing on the city in the morning, and does not mention seeing people. Blakes poem is about the effects of the city on its residents. Wordsworths line The river glideth at his own sweet will is arguably a rejection of Blake ‘description of the charterd Thames. The speaker in Wordsworth’s poem seems to believe in the power of nature to persist alongside the man-made city, even that it is perfected by the city. Ultimately, the hell of Blake’s London and the heaven of Wordsworth’s London complement each other, reminding the reader that world is truly bitter sweet.

Free Essays on Technonlgy Vs Evolution

, all of us have two agendas: one hidden in the recesses of our minds, and one that we sell to ourselves and others† (De Waal 662). What this is saying is that even if someone has no thought in their head that what they are about to do is unselfish; the... Free Essays on Technonlgy Vs Evolution Free Essays on Technonlgy Vs Evolution Technology Vs Evolution Until the recent discovery of cloning, no one thought that technology was in any way related to morality. In reality isn’t technology against the morals of the natural world to begin with? But is there even such a thing as a purely selfless act? Sure there are actions that seem selfless, but the reason for doing them is consciously or unconsciously selfish. Evolution is a natural occurrence that one would think is unselfish and completely moral, however in reality the process of evolution is very selfish. It is a species genes changing so that the species will ultimately survive, this is an act that only helps that species. Technology is created to conform to how far evolution has gone. Technology is the next step in the evolution process for humans, and it is making all humans a little more immoral. A tribal shaman â€Å"ensures that the relation between human society and the larger society of beings is balanced and reciprocal, and that the village never takes more form the living land than it returns to it – not just materially but with prayers, propitiations, and praise† (Abram 5). While this seems to be natural and morally thanking the earth for what is has given, the shaman are doing this because the â€Å"scale of a harvest or the size of a hunt are always negotiated between the tribal community and the natural world† (Abram 5). This seemingly selfless act is really only to help the amount of food they can grow or catch that season. This leads to the thought that there is no such thing as a purely moral person. â€Å"If people think they are at times unselfish, so the argument goes, they must be hiding the selfish motives from themselves. In other words, all of us have two agendas: one hidden in the recesses of our minds, and one that we sell to ourse lves and others† (De Waal 662). What this is saying is that even if someone has no thought in their head that what they are about to do is unselfish; the...

Critical Thinking And Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical Thinking And Decision Making - Essay Example The way my grandmother narrated her story allowed me to catch a glimpse of her past, which somehow reflected the pathos of the speech. It’s difficult to separate my emotional attachment with her and the pathos of her story, but I remember not feeling any form of pain or suffering from her speech; what I felt was sympathy. The logos, meanwhile, consisted of some information about the past and present states of education in the country. It was not widely different from what I had seen on books, newspapers, and news programs. She presented generally accepted truths about education instead of making logical connections among different premises. The speech had strengths and possessed several areas which can be improved. The main rhetorical component which made the speech persuasive was the ethos. My grandmother lives a very successful life which mirrors her values and beliefs about education. In addition, our emotional connection highlighted the otherwise absent pathos in the speech. My grandmother did not express any form of emotional appeal but I subtly sympathized with her experience. I think the logos could have functioned better if my grandmother drew logical conclusions from her experience with good education. A dramatic experience, meanwhile, could have firmly established the pathos of the speech. Assessing my grandmother’s speech improved my understanding of the three rhetorical components. A speech can be persuasive even if it stands on only one component (i.e. ethos in the case of my grandmother) but it would be more effective if it draws on the strengths of the other two components. I also realized that pathos need not be established as long as the speaker is emotionally connected with the

Performance and Reward Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance and Reward Management - Assignment Example Organizations need HR data in order to make rational and informed decisions for adequate performance management. In order to make sure that hardworking employees are rewarded and disloyal and unproductive employees are penalized, it is imperative that HR data is collected and maintained. Such data includes but is not limited to employees’ attendance, their productivity in terms of goal achievement, their discipline and conduct, and their professional growth and skill development. Having detailed recorded information of all these aspects enables the managers to quantify the results and ensure that the resources are adequately utilized for the benefit of the organization. Collecting data related to employees’ performance helps HR admin in rational decision making. Resources in an organization are limited. In order to achieve organizational goals, it is essential to assign these resources proportionately among the employees considering their needs and past performance. HR admin needs employees’ performance data during the performance appraisal process. This data helps HR admin reach the decisions of promoting certain employees and demoting others, offering increments to certain employees and decrements to others, and selecting employees to be sent as expatriates to other countries. Data related to sick absences is needed by the HR admin not only for monitoring the productivity of employees but also to ensure the provision of adequate medical care to the employees. An employee with a lot of sick absences clearly displays signs of poor productivity and wastage of time and resources. Besides, the organization might incur significant costs in paying the increased insurance premiums for such employees. It is the responsibility of the HR admin to watch out for employees who are using organizational resources for personal gains and report them to the top management. Electronic record storage, as the name implies, is the storage of information in a